Streptomyces developmental cycle and secondary metabolite production
نویسندگان
چکیده
Streptomyces is an extremely important bacterium for industry, since approximately two thirds of all antibiotics are synthesized by members of this genus. Furthermore, Streptomycetes produce large numbers of eukaryotic cell differentiation and apoptosis inducers. Streptomyces is a mycelial soil bacterium characterized by a complex developmental cycle that includes programmed cell death (PCD) phenomena and sporulation in solid cultures. Industrial fermentations are usually performed in liquid cultures, conditions in which Streptomyces strains generally do not sporulate, and it was traditionally assumed that there no differentiation took place. Recently, novel aspects concerning differentiation during the presporulation phases were described in solid and liquid cultures, as well as in natural soils. Moreover, interesting features of development in conditions more similar to those encountered in nature have been revealed. In this chapter, we review the status of knowledge regarding the above-named aspects of Streptomyces differentiation and their relationships with secondary metabolite production. Future perspectives on the Streptomyces biology are discussed.
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